Persea americana extract protects intestinal tissue from Eimeria papillata-induced murine Infection

• DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03810-1
• Publication Date: 2023-11-28T10:02:17Z
• Authors: Fatemah Alajmi; Tahani Al-Otaibi; Saleh Al-Quraishy; Esam M. Al-Shaebi; Nawal Al-Hoshani; Mohamed A. Dkhil; Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
• Keywords: Anthelmintic Resistance in Veterinary Parasites; Veterinary medicine; Immunology; Amprolium; Apoptosis; Superoxide dismutase; Microbiology; Biochemistry; Antioxidants; Rodent Diseases; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Mice; Feces; Inoculation; SF600-1100; Health Sciences; Parasite hosting; Animals; Poultry Coccidiosis Research and Control; Small Animals; Biology; Persea; Plant Extracts; Coccidiosis; Research; FOS: Clinical medicine; Oocysts; Poultry Coccidiosis; Natural sources; Life Sciences; Glutathione; Computer science; 3. Good health; Coccidia; World Wide Web; Veterinary; Enzyme; FOS: Biological sciences; Glutathione peroxidase; Animal Nutrition and Gut Health; Medicine; Animal Science and Zoology; Eimeria; Oxidative status; Antioxidant

AbstractCoccidiosis is the most prevalent disease-causing widespread economic loss among farm and domestic animals. Currently, several drugs are available for the control of this disease but resistance has been confirmed for all of them. There is an urgent need, therefore, for the identification of new sources as alternative treatments to control coccidiosis. The present work aimed to study the effect of thePersea americanaextract (PAE) as an anti-coccidial, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic modulator during murine intestinalEimeria papillatainfection. A total of 25 male mice were divided into five groups, as follows:Group1: Non-infected-non-treated (negative control),Group2: Non-infected-treated group with PAE (500 mg/kg b.w).Group3: Infected-non-treated (positive control),Group4: Infected-treated group with PAE (500 mg/kg b.w.), andGroup5: Infected-treated group with Amprolium (120 mg/kg b.w.). Groups (3–5) were orally inoculated with 1 × 103sporulatedE. papillataoocysts. After 60 min of infection, groups (4 and 5) were treated for 5 consecutive days with the recommended doses of PAE and amprolium. The fact that PAE has an anti-coccidial efficacy against intestinalE. papillatainfection in mice has been clarified by the reduction of fecal oocyst output on the 5thday post-infection by about 85.41%. Moreover, there is a significant reduction in the size of each parasite stage in the jejunal tissues of the infected-treated group with PAE. PAE counteracted theE. papillata-induced loss of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TCA).E. papillatainfection also induced an increase in the apoptotic cells expressed by caspase-3 which modulated after PAE treatment. Moreover, the mRNA expression of the goblet cell response gene, mucin (MUC2), was upregulated from 0.50 to 1.20-fold after treatment with PAE. Based on our results, PAE is a promising medicinal plant with anti-coccidial, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities and could be used as a food additive.