Genomic landscape, immune characteristics and prognostic mutation signature of cervical cancer in China

• DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01376-9
• Publication Date: 2022-11-04T13:13:17Z
• Authors: Jing Liu; Zirong Li; Ting Lu; Junping Pan; Li Li; Yanwen Song; Dan Hu; Yanhong Zhuo; Ying Chen; Qin Xu
• Keywords: Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Research; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Genomics; PD-L1 expression; QH426-470; Adenocarcinoma; Prognosis; Tumour mutation burden; RC31-1245; B7-H1 Antigen; 3. Good health; 03 medical and health sciences; Targeted therapies; 0302 clinical medicine; Mutation; Cervical cancer; Genetics; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Female; Gene mutation; Internal medicine

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to analyse the genomic alteration profiles and immune characteristics of a cohort of Chinese cervical cancer patients to understand why certain patients benefited from molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapy as well as their prognostic significance.

Methods PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological information were obtained from 98 cervical cancer patients. Differences in PD-L1 expression and gene mutations between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) were analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Differences in gene mutations between our cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were tested by Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors influencing TMB-high.

Results Positive PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in cervical SCC than in cervical AC (87% vs. 39%, p < 0.001). Frequently mutated genes in cervical cancer included the PIK3CA, KMT2D, and KMT2C genes, among others. PIK3CA gene mutation rates were significantly higher in SCC than in AC (p = 0.004). The TERT gene mutation rate was significantly higher in our cohort than in the TCGA cohort (12% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). The independent predictors of high TMB were KMT2C and LRP1B gene mutations (p < 0.05). We also found that PTEN mutations were associated with worse survival (median PFS, 12.16 vs. 21.75 months, p = 0.0024).

Conclusion Cervical SCC and AC have different molecular profiles and immune characteristics, suggesting that targeted treatments for SCC and AC patients may improve clinical outcomes. KMT2C and LRP1B gene mutations are independent predictors of TMB-high status in cervical cancer. We also proposed the prognostic value of PTEN mutations.