Epidemiology and comorbidity of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Poland– a nationwide study

• DOI: 10.1186/s12969-025-01065-8
• Publication Date: 2025-03-29T04:48:14Z
• Authors: Zbigniew Żuber; Krzysztof Podwójcic; Mateusz Szeląg; Magdalena Krajews...; Krzysztof Batko; Michał Orleański; Jakub Sowiński; Maria Świderek; Agata Śmiglewska; Michał Maluchnik; Marek Brzosko; Brygida Kwiatkowska; Marcin Stajszczyk; Bogdan Batko

Abstract

Background Diagnostic pathways for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have gradually improved over time. Provider practice has also shifted towards goal-oriented treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) that together may have changed the epidemiologic landscape of JIA.

Methods Public healthcare utilization records from the National Health Fund (NHF) were screened between 2010 and 2022. For individuals aged < 16 years, we utilized a narrow JIA case definition combining repeat ICD-10 encoding with DMARDs prescription based on ATC codes.

Results In 2022, we identified 1,625 incident and 29,758 prevalent JIA cases (< 16 years), which corresponds to incidence (IRs) and prevalence rates of 4.30 and 78.80 per 100,000 persons of the general population. For the pediatric population, annual IRs for JIA (< 16 years) ranged between 24.0 (95% CI 22.8, 25.2) and 38.7 (95% CI 37.2–40.3) per 100,000. Greater susceptibility among females was also consistently observed with the annual IR ratio ranging between 1.16 and 1.53. The most common concurrent disorders based on medical care services were allergic rhinitis (N = 5,200, 17.5%), bronchial asthma (N = 3,661, 12.3%) and chronic tonsillitis/pharyngitis (N = 3641, 12.2%). Analysis of 214,285 outpatient care visits revealed a median (IQR, range) annual healthcare cost of 37.8€ (35.8–47.4€, 30.3–86.1€) per JIA patient.

Conclusions This comprehensive, nationwide study provides a contemporary estimate of JIA burden in Poland. Our findings indicate that both the occurrence of new cases and overall burden of JIA in the past ten years align with the lower end of projected figures for our geographical area, especially when compared with Scandinavian nations.