High-quality reference genome sequences of two coconut cultivars provide insights into evolution of monocot chromosomes and differentiation of fiber content and plant height

• DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02522-9
• Publication Date: 2021-11-04T10:02:45Z
• Authors: Shouchuang Wang; Yong Xiao; Zhi-Wei Zhou; Jiaqing Yuan; Hao Guo; Zhuang Yang; Jun Yang; Pengchuan Sun; Lisong Sun; Yuan Deng; Wen-Zhao Xie; Jia-Ming Song; Muhammad Tahir ul...; Wei Xia; Rui Liu; Shufang Gong; Yong Wang; Fuyou Wang; Xianqing Liu; Alisdair R. Fernie; Xiyin Wang; Haikuo Fan; Ling-Ling Chen; Jie Luo
• Keywords: Arecaceae; Subspecies

Abstract Background Coconut is an important tropical oil and fruit crop whose evolutionary position renders it a fantastic species for the investigation of evolution monocot chromosomes subsequent differentiation ancient plants. Results Here, we report assembly annotation reference-grade genomes Cn. tall dwarf , genome sizes are 2.40 Gb 2.39 Gb, respectively. The comparative analysis reveals that two coconut subspecies diverge about 2–8 Mya while conserved Arecaceae-specific whole-genome duplication (ω WGD) occurs approximately 47–53 Mya. It additionally allows us to reconstruct ancestral karyotypes ten trajectories 16 modern chromosomes. Fiber synthesis genes in related lignin cellulose synthesis, found at higher copy number expression level than coconuts. Integrated multi-omics difference plant height result altered gibberellin metabolism, with both GA20ox single-nucleotide change promoter together leading between . Conclusion We provide high-quality reveal genetic basis trait differences coconuts through analysis. also selection has been targeted same gene millions years, not only natural as illustrated coconut, but artificial cultivated crops such rice maize.