AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Regulates a Feed-Forward Mechanism of Androgen Synthesis by Way of HSD3B1 Upregulation
Male
0301 basic medicine
0303 health sciences
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
Progesterone Reductase
Androstenedione
Prostatic Neoplasms
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Metribolone
3. Good health
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Mice
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
03 medical and health sciences
Multienzyme Complexes
Cell Line, Tumor
Benzamides
Nitriles
Phenylthiohydantoin
Androgens
Animals
Humans
Orchiectomy
Neoplasm Transplantation
DOI:
10.1210/en.2018-00283
Publication Date:
2018-05-29T14:21:20Z
AUTHORS (5)
ABSTRACT
3βHSD1 enzymatic activity is essential for synthesis of potent androgens from adrenal precursor steroids in prostate cancer. A germline variant in HSD3B1, the gene that encodes 3βHSD1, encodes for a stable enzyme, regulates adrenal androgen dependence, and is a predictive biomarker of poor clinical outcomes after gonadal testosterone deprivation therapy. However, little is known about HSD3B1 transcriptional regulation. Generally, it is thought that intratumoral androgen synthesis is upregulated after gonadal testosterone deprivation, enabling development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Given its critical role in extragonadal androgen synthesis, we sought to directly interrogate the transcriptional regulation of HSD3B1 in multiple metastatic prostate cancer cell models. Surprisingly, we found that VCaP, CWR22Rv1, LNCaP, and LAPC4 models demonstrate induction of HSD3B1 upon androgen stimulation for approximately 72 hours, followed by attenuation around 120 hours. 3βHSD1 protein levels mirrored transcriptional changes in models harboring variant (LNCaP) and wild-type (LAPC4) HSD3B1, and in these models androgen induction of HSD3B1 is abrogated via enzalutamide treatment. Androgen treatment increased flux from [3H]-dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione and other downstream metabolites. HSD3B1 expression was reduced 72 hours after castration in the VCaP xenograft mouse model, suggesting androgen receptor (AR) regulation of HSD3B1 also occurs in vivo. Overall, these data suggest that HSD3B1 is unexpectedly positively regulated by androgens and ARs. These data may have implications for the development of treatment strategies tailored to HSD3B1 genotype status.
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