The oncolytic effects of reovirus in canine solid tumor cell lines

• DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0570
• Publication Date: 2015-01-15T22:09:51Z
• Authors: Masaya IGASE; Chung Chew HWANG; Matt COFFEY; Masaru OKUDA; Shunsuke NOGUCHI; Takuya MIZUNO
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; 2. Zero hunger; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences; Reoviridae; Virus Replication; 3. Good health; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; 0403 veterinary science; Oncolytic Viruses; 03 medical and health sciences; Dogs; Cell Line, Tumor; Internal Medicine; Animals; Female; Dog Diseases; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Melanoma; Cell Proliferation

Oncolytic virotherapy is a new strategy for cancer treatment for humans and dogs. Reovirus has been proven to be a potent oncolytic virus in human medicine. Our laboratory has previously reported that canine mast cell tumor and canine lymphoma were susceptible to reovirus. In this study, canine solid tumor cell lines (mammary gland tumor, osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma) were tested to determine their susceptibility towards reovirus. We demonstrated that reovirus induces more than 50% cell death in three canine mammary gland tumors and one canine malignant melanoma cell line. The reovirus-induced cell death occurred via the activation of caspase 3. Ras activation has been shown to be one of the important mechanisms of reovirus-susceptibility in human cancers. However, Ras activation was not related to the reovirus-susceptibility in canine solid tumor cell lines, which was similar to reports in canine mast cell tumor and canine lymphoma. The results of this study highly suggest that canine mammary gland tumor and canine malignant melanoma are also potential candidates for reovirus therapy in veterinary oncology.