Simulation and an experimental study on the optical performance of a Wolter-I focusing mirror based on a 3D ray tracing algorithm

• DOI: 10.1364/oe.497987
• Publication Date: 2023-08-24T17:00:36Z
• Authors: Kaiji Wu; Fei Ding; Bo Wang; Yanji Yang; Yusa Wang; Zheng Qiao; Duo Li; Yuan Jin; Pengfei Qiang; Zijian Zhao; Dongjie Hou; Yuxuan Zhu
• Keywords: X-ray optics; Electroforming; Geometrical optics; Curved mirror

The nested Wolter-I type focusing mirror is widely used in the field of X-ray astronomy. thin-shell mirrors produced by electroforming replication method will introduce various shape errors during fabricating and assembling process. This study introduces a non-analytical 3D geometrical ray tracing algorithm capable predicting optical performance for large deformations. algorithm's implementation involves error reconstruction, light source simulation, calculation. Experimental simulation validation underscores precision effectiveness. results also indicate that edge deformation can seriously affect imaging contrast which generally considered to be determined only surface scattering. Applying algorithm, range low-frequency fabrication assembly are simulated, such as absolute radius, taper, roundness, effects, posture, hoisting errors, their effects on quality analyzed discussed.