On the bubble-bubbleless ocean continuum and its meaning for the LiDAR equation: LiDAR measurement of underwater bubble properties during storm conditions

• DOI: 10.1364/oe.515936
• Publication Date: 2024-05-07T08:00:09Z
• Authors: D. Josset; S. Cayula; B. Concannon; S. Sova; A. Weidemann
• Keywords: Backscatter (email)

This paper presents the NRL shipboard LiDAR and first dataset of underwater bubbles. The meaning these observations, algorithms used their current limitations are discussed. derivation multiple scattering regime is derived from observations theory. detection bubble presence depth straightforward to estimate depolarized laser return. strongly suggest that whitecaps term in equation formalism needs be revisited. retrieval fraction air volume within a given water (void fraction) possible algorithm stable with simple ocean backscatter system. accuracy void will increase significantly future developments.