First-photon imaging via a hybrid penalty

• DOI: 10.1364/prj.381516
• Publication Date: 2020-01-03T20:00:07Z
• Authors: Xiao Peng; Xin-Yu Zhao; Li-Jing Li; Ming-Jie Sun
• Keywords: 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering; 02 engineering and technology

First-photon imaging is a photon-efficient, computational technique that reconstructs an image by recording only the first-photon arrival event at each spatial location and then optimizing recorded photon information. The optimization algorithm plays vital role in formation. A natural scene containing correlation can be reconstructed maximum likelihood of all locations constrained with sparsity regularization penalty, different penalties lead to reconstructions. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>l</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -norm penalty wavelet transform major features but blurs edges high-frequency details image. total variational preserves better; however, it induces “staircase effect,” which degrades quality. In this work, we proposed hybrid reconstruct better edge while suppressing staircase effect combining id="m2"> variation into one function. Results numerical simulations indicate images, have averaged root mean square error 12.83%, 5.68%, 10.56% smaller than those images using id="m3"> or recursive dyadic partitions method, respectively. Experimental results are good agreement ones, demonstrating feasibility penalty. Having been verified system, applied other noise-removal problems.