Chromosomal Redistribution of Male-Biased Genes in Mammalian Evolution with Two Bursts of Gene Gain on the X Chromosome

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000494
• Publication Date: 2010-10-05T19:22:14Z
• Authors: Yong E. Zhang; Maria D. Vibranovski; Patrick Landback; Gabriel A. B. Marais; Manyuan Long
• Keywords: Dosage compensation; Skewed X-inactivation; XIST

Mammalian X chromosomes evolved under various mechanisms including sexual antagonism, the faster-X process, and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). These forces may contribute to nonrandom chromosomal distribution of sex-biased genes. In order understand evolution gene content on autosome these forces, we dated human mouse protein-coding genes miRNA vertebrate phylogenetic tree. We found that recently acquired a burst young male-biased genes, which is consistent with fixation recessive male-beneficial alleles by antagonism. For originating earlier, however, this pattern diminishes finally reverses an overrepresentation oldest autosomes. MSCI contributes dynamic since it silences X-linked old but not This demasculinization process seems be associated feminization more expressed in ovaries. Moreover, detected another originations after split eutherian mammals opossum, were quickly incorporated into transcriptional networks multiple tissues. Preexisting also show significantly higher protein-level during period compared autosomal suggesting positive selection accompanied early mammalian chromosomes. two findings cast new light evolutionary history terms gain, sequence, expressional evolution.