Integrating sex-bias into studies of archaic introgression on chromosome X
Male
European People
Genome
X Chromosome
Genome, Human
Hominidae
QH426-470
Genetic Introgression
Sex Factors
Asian People
Haplotypes
South Asian People
Genetics
Animals
Humans
Chromosomes, Human
Female
Research Article
Neanderthals
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgen.1010399
Publication Date:
2023-08-14T17:30:17Z
AUTHORS (3)
ABSTRACT
Evidence of interbreeding between archaic hominins and humans comes from methods that infer the locations of segments of archaic haplotypes, or ‘archaic coverage’ using the genomes of people living today. As more estimates of archaic coverage have emerged, it has become clear that most of this coverage is found on the autosomes— very little is retained on chromosome X. Here, we summarize published estimates of archaic coverage on autosomes and chromosome X from extant human samples. We find on average 7 times more archaic coverage on autosomes than chromosome X, and identify broad continental patterns in this ratio: greatest in European samples, and least in South Asian samples. We also perform extensive simulation studies to investigate how the amount of archaic coverage, lengths of coverage, and rates of purging of archaic coverage are affected by sex-bias caused by an unequal sex ratio within the archaic introgressors. Our results generally confirm that, with increasing male sex-bias, less archaic coverage is retained on chromosome X. Ours is the first study to explicitly model such sex-bias and its potential role in creating the dearth of archaic coverage on chromosome X.
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