COVID-19 mortality rate and its associated factors during the first and second waves in Nigeria

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000169
• Publication Date: 2022-06-09T17:28:40Z
• Authors: Kelly Elimian; Anwar Musah; Carina King; Ehimario Igumbor; Puja Myles; Olaolu Aderinola; Cyril Erameh; William Nwanchukwu; Oluwatosin Akande; Ndembi Nicaise; Oladipo Ogunbode; Abiodun Egwuenu; Emily Crawford; Giulia Gaudenzi; Ismail Abdus-Salam; Olubunmi Olopha; Yahya Disu; Abimbola Bowale; Cyprian Oshoma; Cornelius Ohonsi; Chinedu Arinze; Sikiru Badaru; Blessing Ebhodaghe; Zaiyad Habib; Michael Olugbile; Chioma Dan-Nwafor; Jafiya Abubakar; Emmanuel Pembi; Lauryn Dunkwu; Ifeanyi Ike; Ekaete Tobin; Bamidele Mutiu; Rejoice Luka-Lawal; Obinna Nwafor; Mildred Okowa; Chidiebere Ezeokafor; Emem Iwara; Sebastian Yennan; Sunday Eziechina; David Olatunji; Lanre Falodun; Emmanuel Joseph; Ifeanyi Abali; Tarik Mohammed; Benjamin Yiga; Khadeejah Kamaldeen; Emmanuel Agogo; Nwando Mba; John Oladejo; Elsie Ilori; Olusola Aruna; Geoffrey Namara; Stephen Obaro; Khadeejah Hamza; Michael Asuzu; Shaibu Bello; Friday Okonofua; Yusuf Deeni; Ibrahim Abubakar; Tobias Alfven; Chinwe Ochu; Chikwe Ihekweazu
• Keywords: Rate ratio

COVID-19 mortality rate has not been formally assessed in Nigeria. Thus, we aimed to address this gap and identify associated risk factors during the first second waves This was a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data from all 37 States Nigeria between February 27, 2020, April 3, 2021. The outcome variable amongst persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Incidence rates calculated dividing number deaths total person-time (in days) contributed entire study population presented per 100,000 person-days with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Adjusted negative binomial regression used mortality. Findings are as adjusted Rate Ratios (aIRR) CI. wave included 65,790 patients, whom 994 (1∙51%) died; 91,089 513 (0∙56%) died. incidence higher [54∙25 CI: 50∙98-57∙73)] than [19∙19 (17∙60-20∙93)]. Factors independently increased both were: age ≥45 years, male gender [first aIRR 1∙65 (1∙35-2∙02) 1∙52 (1∙11-2∙06)], being symptomatic [aIRR 3∙17 (2∙59-3∙89) 3∙04 (2∙20-4∙21)], hospitalised 4∙19 (3∙26-5∙39) 7∙84 (4∙90-12∙54)]. Relative South-West, residency South-South North-West an waves. In conclusion, wave, suggesting improvement public health response clinical care wave. However, needs be interpreted caution given inherent limitations country's system study.