Detection of Novel Polyomaviruses, TSPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9 and MWPyV in Feces, Urine, Blood, Respiratory Swabs and Cerebrospinal Fluid

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062764
• Publication Date: 2013-05-08T17:43:24Z
• Authors: Rebecca J. Rockett; Theo P. Sloots; Sharleen Bowes; Nicholas O’Neill; Suifang Ye; Jenny Robson; David M. Whiley; Stephen B. Lambert; David Wang; Michael D. Nissen; Seweryn Bialasiewicz
• Keywords: Adult; 0301 basic medicine; 1300 Biochemistry; Science; Respiratory System; 610; Genetics and Molecular Biology; Genome, Viral; Bk virus; Urine; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; 1100 Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Feces; 03 medical and health sciences; Species Specificity; Prevalence; Humans; Child; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Transcriptase-Pcr assay; Polyomavirus Infections; Q; R; Sequence Analysis, DNA; 6. Clean water; 3. Good health; Blood; Merkel cell polyomavirus; 2700 Medicine; Medicine; Queensland; Polyomavirus; Real-time Pcr; Research Article

Eight novel human polyomaviruses have been discovered since 2007. Prevalence rates and tissue tropism for the most recent members HPyV 6, 7, 9, TSPyV and MWPyV are largely unknown. We used real-time PCR to determine the presence of HPyV 6, 7, 9, TSPyV and MWPyV in feces (n = 263), urine (n = 189), blood (n = 161), respiratory swabs (n = 1385) and cerebrospinal fluid (n = 171) from both healthy control children and children and adults undergoing diagnostic testing. Whole genome sequencing was able to be performed on 9 MWPyV positive specimens. Novel polyomaviruses were only detected in respiratory swabs and feces, with no detections of HPyV 9 in any sample type. MWPyV was found to be the most prevalent novel polyomavirus, being detected in 18 (1.5%) respiratory specimens from symptomatic patients, 16 (9.8%) respiratory sample from healthy control children, 11 (5.9%) fecal specimens from patient suffering gastrointestinal illness, and in 13 (15.3%) of feces from healthy control children. MWPyV was found only in respiratory and fecal specimens from children, the oldest being 9 years old. HPyV 6, 7, 9 and TSPyV were also detected in respiratory specimens and fecal specimens at low prevalence (<1.3%). The majority of these detections were found in immunocompromised patients. Our findings suggest that MWPyV can result in a subclinical infection, persistent or intermittent shedding, particularly in young children. The other novel polyomaviruses were also found in respiratory and fecal specimens, but at lower prevalence and most commonly in immunocompromised individuals.