Sequencing of Chloroplast Genomes from Wheat, Barley, Rye and Their Relatives Provides a Detailed Insight into the Evolution of the Triticeae Tribe

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085761
• Publication Date: 2014-03-10T20:28:07Z
• Authors: Christopher P. Mi...; Natacha Senerchia; Nils Stein; Eduard D. Akhunov; Beat Keller; Thomas Wicker; Benjamin Kilian
• Keywords: Triticeae; Aegilops; Hordeum

Using Roche/454 technology, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 12 Triticeae species, including bread wheat, barley and rye, as well diploid progenitors relatives wheat Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides Ae. tauschii. Two wild tetraploid taxa, cylindrica geniculata, were also included. Additionally, incorporated Einkorn boeoticum its domesticated form T. monococcum two Hordeum spontaneum (wild barley) genotypes. Chloroplast used for overall sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis dating divergence times. We estimate that diverged from rye approximately 8–9 million years ago (MYA). The genome donors hexaploid between 2.1–2.9 MYA, while aestivum 3–4 more recently than previously estimated. Interestingly, A taxa urartu estimated to have 570,000 ago. As these a reproductive barrier, time provides an upper limit required formation species boundary two. Furthermore, conclusively show was contributed by B donor this unknown about 980,000 alignments identified translocation segment nuclear which is specific rye/wheat lineage. propose presented phylogeny estimates reference framework future studies on Triticeae.