Behavioural Effects of Tourism on Oceanic Common Dolphins, Delphinus sp., in New Zealand: The Effects of Markov Analysis Variations and Current Tour Operator Compliance with Regulations

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116962
• Publication Date: 2015-01-07T20:36:41Z
• Authors: Anna M. Meissner; Fredrik Christiansen; Emmanuelle Martinez; Matthew D. M. Pawley; Mark B. Orams; Karen A. Stockin
• Keywords: Delphinus delphis; Marine protected area; Marine mammal; Zostera marina; Bottlenose dolphin; Optimal foraging theory

Common dolphins, Delphinus sp., are one of the marine mammal species tourism operations in New Zealand focus on. While effects cetacean-watching activities have previously been examined coastal regions Zealand, this study is first to investigate commercial and recreational vessels on common dolphins an open oceanic habitat. Observations from both independent research vessel aboard tour operating off central east coast Bay Plenty, North Island, were used assess dolphin behaviour record level compliance by permitted operators private with regulations. Dolphin was assessed using two different approaches Markov chain analysis order examine variation responses vessels. Results showed that, regardless variance methods, foraging significantly altered boat interactions. Dolphins spent less time during interactions took longer return once disrupted presence. This raises concerns about potential disruption feeding, a biologically critical behaviour. may be particularly important habitat, where prey resources typically widely dispersed unpredictable abundance. Furthermore, because region focuses transiting between adjacent locations, for cumulative could exacerbate local demonstrated study. overall relatively high, non-compliance regulations observed restriction, number or speed interacting not being respected. Additionally, prohibited swimming calves did occur. The shown should carefully considered within conservation management plans, reduce risk detrimental region.