Polyphyly of the extinct family Oviparosiphidae and its implications for inferring aphid evolution (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha)

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174791
• Publication Date: 2017-04-26T13:26:02Z
• Authors: Dagmara Żyła; Agnieszka Homan; Piotr Wegierek
• Keywords: Polyphyly; Monophyly; Lineage (genetic); Ovipositor

Aphidoidea, the so-called "true aphids" are one of most challenging groups in terms solving phylogenetic relationships. Morphology-based analyses were strongly affected by widespread homoplasy, while molecular-based attempts struggled with lack sufficient signal. Despite significant improvements, higher classification still remains unresolved and rather controversial. However, use fossil record, valuable sources information, was mainly limited to calibration a tree, without direct inclusion into analysis. The extinct family Oviparosiphidae has long been considered as common ancestor all recent Aphidoidea it used point several analyses, but never analyzed context. treated monophyletic group purely based on simultaneous presence two abdominal structures, ovipositor siphunculi. shown recently that at least more lineage, present same time, characterized features. For these reasons, we performed maximum parsimony analysis using morphological data for aphid taxa prove monophyly Oviparosiphidae. Our shows presumed lineage aphids is polyphyletic group. results support hypothesis an early Mesozoic rapid radiation aphids, which led different lineages both indicate necessity examining other families, diversity before Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution (KTR) than expected. Even though there not enough perform formal analysis, fossils seem suggest impact KTR diversification. Additionally, have made redescription genera description new species, Vitimaphis subridens sp. nov.