Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli isolated from intra-abdominal and urinary-tract infections in Mexico from 2009 to 2015: Results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART)

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198621
• Publication Date: 2018-06-21T13:31:04Z
• Authors: Alfredo Ponce-de-...; Eduardo Rodríguez...; Rayo Morfín-Otero; Dora P. Cornejo-J...; Juan C. Tinoco; Areli Martínez-Ga...; Carmen J. Gaona-T...; M. Lourdes Guerre...; Alexandra Martin-...; José Luis Vallejo...; José Sifuentes-Os...
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; Science; Q; R; Drug Resistance, Microbial; 3. Good health; 03 medical and health sciences; Anti-Infective Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Urinary Tract Infections; Medicine; Humans; Intraabdominal Infections; Mexico; Research Article

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing worldwide concern, which poses unique challenges for the effective prevention and treatment of several infections, especially the ones triggered by organisms producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). Here, we present the surveillance results of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from intra-abdominal infections (IAI, n = 1,235) and urinary-tract infections (UTI, n = 2,682), collected in Mexico from 2009 to 2015. Susceptibility and ESBL status were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. Both E. coli (57%) and K. pneumoniae (12%) were the most frequently reported organisms, as well as the ones with the highest prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates (54% and 39%, respectively). The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms was higher in nosocomial infections than in community-acquired infections (21% vs. 27%). The ESBL rates were 36% for IAI (953/2,682) and 37% for UTI (461/1,235). In addition, ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin were the antibiotics that mostly preserved bacterial susceptibility. Our results show consistency with global trends, although higher than the rates observed in Latin America.