A brief version of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) in Spanish population: Stress of main family carers of chronic paediatric patients

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201390
• Publication Date: 2018-07-26T14:44:59Z
• Authors: Sara Casaña-Granell; Laura Lacomba-Trejo; Selene Valero-Moreno; Vicente Prado-Gasco; Inmaculada Montoy...; Marián Pérez-Marín
• Keywords: Adult; Male; Adolescent; Psychometrics; Science; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Dwarfism; psicologia social; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Humans; Child; Aged; Q; R; Middle Aged; 3. Good health; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Caregivers; Spain; Chronic Disease; Medicine; Female; Stress, Psychological; Research Article

A chronic illness in childhood has a negative impact on the paediatric patient and on family functioning. Psychological stress in parents influences the level of adjustment to the illness of their children. The Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) was designed to measure stress in parents whose child has a chronic illness or requires prolonged medical monitoring. The main objective of this study is to provide a brief version of the Spanish translation of the PIP, across a sample consisting of 465 main familial caregivers (85.2% female, n = 396) between 27 and 67 years old ([Formula: see text] = 44.13; SD = 5.35) of paediatric patients between 9 and 18 years old ([Formula: see text] = 12.10, SD = 2.20; 56.8% men, n = 264) diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type I (20.9% of the sample; n = 97), short stature (32.5% of the sample; n = 151), or a chronic respiratory disease (asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiectasis) (46.6% of the sample; n = 217). After performing several EFAs (Exploratory Factor Analyses) and CFAs (Confirmatory Factorial Analyses), it was decided that 30 items need to be removed. Reliability and validity results suggest that the new 12-item version possesses appropriate psychometric properties. Cronbach's alpha value ranging between α = .42 and α = .81 and fit values obtained indicate a good fit: χ2/df (88.393/48) = 1.84 (α < .01); S-B χ2(df) = 88.393 (48); CFI = .95; IFI = .95; RMSEA = .05 (.033 - .074) for the frequency scales and χ2/df (72.002/48) = 1.5 (α < .01); S-Bχ2(df) = 72.002 (48); CFI = .97; IFI = .97; RMSEA = .04 (.011 - .063) for the difficulty scales. The PIP also showed predictive ability in regards to anxiety and depression, a positive relationship between the instrument's own scales and a negative relationship with the caregiver's age. Finally, depending on the paediatric patient's diagnosis, differences in stress levels were found.