Spatial and temporal development of deltamethrin resistance in malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex from North Cameroon

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212024
• Publication Date: 2019-02-19T18:43:22Z
• Authors: Stanislas Elysée ...; Herman Parfait Aw...; Jude D. Bigoga; Wolfgang Eyisap E...; Jérome Binyang; Michael Piameu; Lili Ranaise Mbakop; Betrand Nono Fesuh; Narcisse Mvondo; Raymond Tabue; Philippe Nwane; Rémy Mimpfoundi; Jean Claude Toto; Immo Kleinschmidt; Tessa Bellamy Knox; Abraham Peter Mnzava; Martin James Donn...; Etienne Fondjo; Josiane Etang
• Keywords: Anopheles gambiae

The effectiveness of insecticide-based malaria vector control interventions in Africa is threatened by the spread and intensification pyrethroid resistance targeted mosquito populations. present study aimed at investigating temporal spatial dynamics deltamethrin An. gambiae s.l. populations from North Cameroon. Mosquito larvae were collected 24 settings Garoua, Pitoa Mayo Oulo Health Districts (HDs) 2011 to 2015. Two five days old female emerging larval collections tested for using World Organization’s (WHO) standard protocol. Sub samples test mosquitoes identified species PCR-RFLP genotyped knockdown alleles (Kdr 1014F 1014S) Hot Ligation Oligonucleotide Assay (HOLA). All as belonging complex, including 3 sibling mostly represented Anopheles arabiensis (67.6%), followed coluzzii (25.4%) (7%). Deltamethrin frequencies increased significantly between 2015, with mortality rates declining 70–85% 49–73% three HDs (Jonckheere-Terstra statistic (JT) = 5638, P< 0.001), although a temporary increase (91–97%) was seen 2012. Overall, confirmed emerged 10 over field monitored during period, Phenotypic found urban compared semi-urban rural (JT 5282, 0.0001), autocorrelation neighboring localities. Kdr allelic 0–30% 18–61% 2014–2015 620, P <0.001), especially samples. overall frequency 1014S allele 0.1%. This revealed rapid widespread well time, emphasizing urgent need surveillance insecticide management strategies