Electronic cigarettes and insulin resistance in animals and humans: Results of a controlled animal study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2016)

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226744
• Publication Date: 2019-12-31T13:27:16Z
• Authors: Olusola A. Orimoloye; S. M. Iftekhar Uddin; Lung-Chi Chen; Albert D. Osei; Mohammadhassan Mi...; Marina V. Malovichko; Israel D. Sithu; Omar Dzaye; Daniel J. Conklin; Sanjay Srivastava; Michael J. Blaha
• Keywords: Adult; Male; Adolescent; Science; Cohort Studies; Mice; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Animals; Humans; Aged; Vaping; Q; Smoking; R; Glucose Tolerance Test; Middle Aged; United States; 3. Good health; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Medicine; Female; Insulin Resistance; Research Article

The popularity of electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) has risen considerably. Several studies have suggested that nicotine may affect insulin resistance, however, the impact of E-cigarette exposure on insulin resistance, an early measure of cardiometabolic risk, is not known.Using experimental animals and human data obtained from 3,989 participants of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), respectively, we assessed the association between E-cigarette and conventional cigarette exposures and insulin resistance, as modelled using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose tolerance tests (GTT). C57BL6/J mice (on standard chow diet) exposed to E-cigarette aerosol or mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) for 12 weeks showed HOMA-IR and GTT levels comparable with filtered air-exposed controls. In the NHANES cohort, there was no significant association between defined tobacco product use categories (non-users; sole E-cigarette users; cigarette smokers and dual users) and insulin resistance. Compared with non-users of e-cigarettes/conventional cigarettes, sole E-cigarette users showed no significant difference in HOMA-IR or GTT levels following adjustment for age, sex, race, physical activity, alcohol use and BMI.E-cigarettes do not appear to be linked with insulin resistance. Our findings may inform future studies assessing potential cardiometabolic harms associated with E-cigarette use.