Inequalities by energy sources: An assessment of environmental quality

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230503
• Publication Date: 2020-03-20T17:49:44Z
• Authors: Xing Yao; Rizwana Yasmeen; Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda; Wasi Ul Hassan Shah; Muhammad Abdul Kamal
• Keywords: Consumption

Energy demand is rising day by day, driven mainly the development of countries. At same time, uneven economic growth in countries prime cause inequality energy consumption. Keeping view worth process, this study quantifies impact inequalities and trade on environmental quality over period 1995–2018 for 57 The Theil approach used to quantify inter-and intra-regional disparities five sources; oil, coal, natural gas hydroelectricity, renewable energy. results show that North America has highest oil consumption between regions while East Asia & Pacific index value within regions. Coal declining America, but not Pacific. Europe Central Asia, have Inequality shrinking hydropower regions, however, such trend loomed major Generally, there a decreasing temporal all sources. GMM technique applied investigate openness quality. reveal degrade Moreover, positive However, democratic can be advantageous improve implies should take actions reduce Specialization production through also an option improvement environment.