Innate Immune Responses and Rapid Control of Inflammation in African Green Monkeys Treated or Not with Interferon-Alpha during Primary SIVagm Infection

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004241
• Publication Date: 2014-07-03T18:13:21Z
• Authors: Béatrice Jacquelin; Gaël Petitjean; Désirée Kunkel; Anne-Sophie Liovat; Simon P. Jochems; Kenneth A. Rogers; Mickaël J. Ploquin; Yoann Madec; Françoise Barré-S...; Nathalie Dereuddr...; Pierre Lebon; Roger Le Grand; François Villinger; Michaela Müller-T...
• Keywords: MESH: Antiviral Agents; MESH: Inflammation; [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology; QH301-705.5; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; T-Lymphocytes; MESH: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Lymphocyte Activation; [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity; Antiviral Agents; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases; Chlorocebus aethiops; Animals; MESH: Animals; Biology (General); MESH: Lymphocyte Activation; [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity; [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology; Inflammation; MESH: Cytokines; Interferon-alpha; [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy; RC581-607; MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops; MESH: Gene Expression Regulation; Immunity, Innate; 3. Good health; [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]; MESH: T-Lymphocytes; Gene Expression Regulation; [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology; [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases; [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology; Cytokines; MESH: Immunity, Innate; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; [SDV.IMM.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy; MESH: Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; MESH: Interferon-alpha; Immunologic diseases. Allergy; Research Article

Chronic immune activation (IA) is considered as the driving force of CD4+ T cell depletion and AIDS. Fundamental clues in mechanisms that regulate IA could lie natural hosts SIV, such African green monkeys (AGMs). Here we investigated role innate cells IFN-α control AGMs. AGMs displayed significant NK upon SIVagm infection, which was correlated with levels IFN-α. Moreover, detected cytotoxic lymph nodes during early acute phase infection. Both plasmacytoid myeloid dendritic (pDC mDC) homing receptors were increased, but maturation mDCs, particular CD16+ more important than pDCs. Monitoring 15 cytokines showed those, are known to be increased HIV-1/SIVmac pathogenic infections, IL-15, IFN-α, MCP-1 CXCL10/IP-10, significantly well. In contrast, generally induced later stage IL-6, IL-18 TNF-α, less or not suggesting an IA. We then treated daily high doses from day 9 24 post-infection. No impact observed on profiles pDCs cells. There also no major difference interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression sign disease progression. Thus, even after administration still able IA, showing independent levels. This suggests sustained ISG HIV/SIVmac infections involves non-IFN-α products.