Identifying Sleep Regulatory Genes Using aDrosophilaModel of Insomnia

2800 Neuroscience Dopamine Filamins 612 Fatty Acids, Nonesterified Animals, Genetically Modified 03 medical and health sciences Contractile Proteins 0302 clinical medicine Avoidance Learning Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Animals Drosophila Proteins Humans Analysis of Variance Behavior, Animal Gene Expression Profiling Lipids Circadian Rhythm Disease Models, Animal Cholesterol Gene Expression Regulation Drosophila Female
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5629-08.2009 Publication Date: 2009-06-03T17:37:34Z
ABSTRACT
Although it is widely accepted that sleep must serve an essential biological function, little is known about molecules that underlie sleep regulation. Given that insomnia is a common sleep disorder that disrupts the ability to initiate and maintain restorative sleep, a better understanding of its molecular underpinning may provide crucial insights into sleep regulatory processes. Thus, we created a line of flies using laboratory selection that share traits with human insomnia. After 60 generations,insomnia-like(ins-l) flies sleep 60 min a day, exhibit difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and show evidence of daytime cognitive impairment.ins-lflies are also hyperactive and hyperresponsive to environmental perturbations. In addition, they have difficulty maintaining their balance, have elevated levels of dopamine, are short-lived, and show increased levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. Although their core molecular clock remains intact,ins-lflies lose their ability to sleep when placed into constant darkness. Whole-genome profiling identified genes that are modified inins-lflies. Among those differentially expressed transcripts, genes involved in metabolism, neuronal activity, and sensory perception constituted over-represented categories. We demonstrate that two of these genes are upregulated in human subjects after acute sleep deprivation. Together, these data indicate that theins-lflies are a useful tool that can be used to identify molecules important for sleep regulation and may provide insights into both the causes and long-term consequences of insomnia.
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