Highly Crystalline, Pure ZSM-5 from K2CO3-Treated Mud and Its Catalytic Activity in Biodiesel Production

• DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5311-15
• Publication Date: 2024-11-28T04:36:24Z
• Authors: Hartati Hartati; Qurrota Ayuni; Medya Ayunda Fitri; Adiba Naila Izzah; Melinda Intan Nov...; Putri Bintang Dea...; Tazkiyatun Nufus; Didik Prasetyoko; Harmami Harmami; Hasliza Bahruji; Shahrul Nizam Ahmad
• Keywords: ZSM-5

Addressing the challenge of clean energy and waste management for sustainable development goals, ZSM-5 were synthesized from high-abundance volcano mud (VM) precursor then utilized as catalyst in biodiesel production. Unlike conventional alkali treatment, we used reflux method to extract silica-alumina VM. K2CO3 salt was extractor, activator, structure-directing agent. The synthesis also performed using NaOH a comparison. Various analytical techniques employed including XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM, N2 physisorption, GC-MS identify effect types on crystallization rate, morphology, catalytic activity. Highly crystalline, pure successfully synthesized. It is found that facilitates slow requiring minimum 5 h hydrothermal treatment produce ZSM-5. Interestingly, led homogeneous particles with narrow size distribution high mesoporous structure. In contrast, promoted faster producing inhomogeneous dominant microporosity. Two different feedstock qualities i.e., cooking oil (WCO) oleic acid (OA) assess catalyst’s versatility. Among all zeolites K2CO3, ZK6 exhibited highest activity, an 85.9% yield 30% selectivity FAME WCO feedstock. high-quality OA feedstock, achieved significantly higher activity 97.1% 87.6% FAME. ZNa6, comparable sample NaOH, 78.2% 60.4% A 97.5% 100% towards high-purity