Advances in Energy Harvesting for Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges and Opportunities

• DOI: 10.20944/preprints202501.1337.v1
• Publication Date: 2025-01-20T03:20:03Z
• Authors: Muhammad Umer Mus...; Hein Venter; Avinash Singh; Muhammad Owais
• Keywords: Sustainable Energy

Energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) appear as the fundamental backbone of research that attempts to expand lifespan and efficiency positioned in resource-constrained environments. This review paper provides a in-depth examination latest developments this area, highlighting important components comprising routing protocols, energy management plans, cognitive radio applications, physical layer security (PLS), EH approaches. Across well-ordered investigation these features, article clarifies notable technology, highlights recent barriers, inquires avenues for future revolution. The starts by furnishing detailed analysis different methodologies, incorporating solar, thermal, kinetic, frequency (RF) energy, their respective efficacy non-identical operational circumstances. It also inspects state-of-the-art techniques aimed at optimizing consumption storage guarantee network operability. Moreover, integration into EH-WSNs is acutely assessed, its capacity improve spectrum tackle associated technological problems. present work investigates ground-breaking methodologies Physical Layer Security (PLS) uses measures data security. In article, are explored with respect classical encryption discussed well points view. assessment furthers criticizes traditional protocols significance Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks balance has long been sought between space. closes importance continuous existing challenges leverage newly available means highlighted document. order adequately serve increasingly changing requirements EH-WSNs, will should, be geared towards AI some advanced solutions. discusses novel interdisciplinary advancements better performance, sustainability WSNs.