Prevalence and social correlates of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Harlem.

• DOI: 10.2105/ajph.89.3.302
• Publication Date: 2008-11-29T13:33:29Z
• Authors: A V Diez-Roux; M E Northridge; A Morabia; M T Bassett; S Shea
• Keywords: Adult; Male; Adolescent; Sampling Studies; Diabetes Complications; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Risk Factors; Health Sciences; Prevalence; Cluster Analysis; Humans; Poverty; Aged; Smoking; Urban Health; 1. No poverty; Middle Aged; 3. Good health; Black or African American; Socioeconomic Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Female; New York City; Public Health

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence, social correlates, and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a predominantly Black, poor, urban community. METHODS: Associations of risk factor prevalences with sociodemographic variables were examined in a population-based sample of 695 men and women aged 18 to 65 years living in Central Harlem. RESULTS: One third of the men and women were hypertensive, 48% of the men and 41% of the women were smokers, 25% of the men and 49% of the women were overweight, and 23% of the men and 35% of the women reported no leisure-time physical activity over the past month. More than 80% of the men and women had at least 1 of these risk factors, and 9% of the men and 19% of the women had 3 or more risk factors. Income and education were inversely related to hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity. Having 3 or more risk factors was associated with low income and low education (extreme odds ratio [OR] = 10.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0, 34.5 for education; OR = 3.7, CI = 1.6, 8.9 for income) and with a history of unstable work or of homelessness. CONCLUSIONS: Disadvantaged, urban communities are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. These results highlight the importance of socioenvironmental factors in shaping cardiovascular risk.