The Anatomy of a Buried Submarine Hydrothermal System, Clark Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand

• DOI: 10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2261
• Publication Date: 2014-10-30T10:29:01Z
• Authors: C. E. J. de Ronde; S. L. Walker; R. G. Ditchburn; F. C. Tontini; M. D. Hannington; S. G. Merle; C. Timm; M. R. Handler; R. J. Wysoczanski; V. M. Dekov; G. D. Kamenov; E. T. Baker; R. W. Embley; J. E. Lupton; P. Stoffers
• Keywords: Submarine volcano

Research Article| December 01, 2014 The Anatomy of a Buried Submarine Hydrothermal System, Clark Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand C.E.J. de Ronde; Ronde † 1GNS Science, 1 Fairway Drive, Avalon, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 6315, †Corresponding author: e-mail, [e-mail] Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S.L. Walker; Walker 2Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115-6349 R.G. Ditchburn; Ditchburn F. Caratori Tontini; Tontini M.D. Hannington; Hannington 3Department Earth Sciences, Marion Hall, 140 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5 S.G. Merle; Merle 4Cooperative Institute Resources Studies, Oregon State University, 2115 S.E. OSU Newport, 97365-5258 C. Timm; Timm M.R. Handler; Handler 5School Geography, Environment Victoria University Wellington, Wellington 6012, R.J. Wysoczanski; Wysoczanski 6National Water Research, 14-901, V.M. Dekov; Dekov 7IFREMER, Centre Brest, Department Geosciences, 29280 Plouzané, France G.D. Kamenov; Kamenov 8Department Geological Florida, 241 Williamson Gainesville, Florida 32611 E.T. Baker; Baker R.W. Embley; Embley 9Pacific J.E. Lupton; Lupton P. Stoffers 10Institute Christian-Albrechts Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118 Germany Author Article Information Publisher: Society Economic Geologists First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1554-0774 Print 0361-0128 © Geologists. Geology (2014) 109 (8): 2261–2292. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.8.2261 history Cite View This Citation Add to Manager Share Icon Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Site Ronde, Walker, Ditchburn, Tontini, Hannington, Merle, Timm, Handler, Wysoczanski, Dekov, Kamenov, Baker, Embley, Lupton, Stoffers; Zealand. 2014;; doi: Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Dropdown Menu input auto suggest filter your All ContentBy SocietyEconomic Advanced Abstract volcano the arc, northeast Zealand, is large stratovolcano comprised two coalescing volcanic cones; an apparently younger, more coherent, twin-peaked edifice northwest relatively older, degraded tectonized cone southeast. High-resolution water column surveys show active hydrothermal system at summit NW largely along ridge spur connecting peaks, with activity also noted head scarps related sector collapse. only known arc host sulfide mineralization.Volcano-scale gravity magnetic over that it highly magnetized, strong gradient exists between edifices. Modeling suggests crustal-scale fault lies these edifices, thinner crust beneath cone. Locations regional earthquake epicenters southwest-northeast trend bisecting cones, striking northeastward into Tangaroa volcano. Detailed mapping magnetics above shows magnetized "ring structure" ~350 m below not apparent in bathymetry; we believe structure represents top caldera. Oblate zones low (weak) magnetization caused fluid upflow, here termed "burn holes," form pattern resembling Swiss cheese. Presumably older burn holes occupy inner margin ring no signs activity, while younger are coincident venting on summit.A combination mineralogy, geochemistry, seafloor today manifest widespread diffuse venting, temperatures ranging 56° 106°C. Numerous, small (≤30 cm high) chimneys populate area, one site ~7-m-tall "Twin Towers" maximum vent 221°C (pH 4.9), consistent δ34Sanhydrite-pyrite values indicating formation ~228° 249°C. Mineralization dominated pyrite-marcasite-barite-anhydrite. Radiometric dating using 228Ra/226Ra 226Ra/Ba methods be <20 most <2 years old. However, evidence mixing with, remobilizing of, barite as old 19,000 years. Nd Sr isotope compositions chimney sulfate samples indicate ~40% seawater derived from K lavas. Similarly, REE data fluids have interacted plagioclase-rich source rock.A holistic approach study has revealed two-stage process whereby caldera-forming event preceded later cone-building event. ensured protracted (at least 20 ka yrs) associated mineral deposition. If assume 200-m-high walls postulated (buried) caldera, then would exited ago 550 deeper than they do today, discharge potentially much hotter (~350°C). Subsequent caldera infilling, porous volcaniclastic units making up acted large-scale filters, enabling ascending boil mix subseafloor, effectively removing metals (including remobilized Cu) solution before reached seafloor. implications estimates metal inventory systems pertaining systems. You access content, please speak institutional administrator if you feel should access.