Characterization and evolutionary analyses of Pestivirus A isolated from cattle in China

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.2.12445/v1
• Publication Date: 2019-08-06T20:20:56Z
• Authors: Cun Liu; Fabiola Villanova; Élcio Leal; Lin Liang; Yanming Zhang; Shangjin Cui
• Keywords: 2. Zero hunger; Genotype; Flaviviridae; Dynamics of Livestock Disease Transmission and Control; Life Sciences; FOS: Health sciences; Bluetongue Virus and Culicoides-Borne Diseases in Europe; Gene; Virus; 3. Good health; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Infectious Diseases; Viral disease; Virology; FOS: Biological sciences; Health Sciences; Pestivirus; Vector Distribution; Genetics; Medicine; Agronomy and Crop Science; Biology; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Zoonotic Infections; Phylogenetic tree

Abstract Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a single stranded RNA virus with worldwide distribution that belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae. Infection of cattle with BVDV causes a range of clinical syndromes and can result in major economic losses. Here, we reported two BVDV isolates obtained from serum collected from cattle in Shandong province, China and commercial fetal bovine serum. Results The two BVDV isolates, named BVDV BJ-2013 and BVDV BJ-2016, were both the members of Pestivirus A, belonged to genotype 1a and 1b, respectively. BVDV BJ-2013 was an cytopathogenic biotype virus, meanwhile BVDV BJ-2016 was non-cytopathogenic biotype virus. The two isolates, both with 45.3% GC content, were 12,305 nt (BVDV BJ-2013) and12,273 nt (BVDV BJ-2016) in length. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BVDV BJ-2016 was genotype 1B of Pestvirus A and closely related to isolates from South Korea (JQ418634) and the US (JN380088). Simultaneously, BVDV BJ-2013 was genotype 1A of Pestivirus A and related to isolates from the USA (AF091605) and Germany (AF041040). Recombination analysis showed that BVDV isolate (KJ541471) was a mosaic of sequences derived from two isolates of the genotype 1A. Evolutionary analysis suggested that genotype 1A and 1B had similar relative rates and the dN/dS ratios. Comparison analysis of amino acid sequence indicated that there were 12 amino acids (EGNWLVNADRLM) insertion in NS2 of BVDV BJ-2013. Conclusion: In present study, two BVDV isolates were isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analyses and evolutionary analysis suggested that BVDV strains isolated from different regions showed close evolutionary relationships. It also reminded us again that the risk of trans-regional transmission of BVDV and BVDV contamination in commercial fetal bovine serum were what we must not neglect.