A Systems Biology Approach to Elucidating Functional and Genomic Signatures in Host-Pathogen Interactions of Triple Infections: Tuberculosis, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2

• DOI: 10.22207/jpam.19.2.20
• Publication Date: 2025-05-21T16:50:51Z
• Authors: Mohd. Imran; Hayat Ali Alzahrani; Ranya Mohammed El...; Zia Ur Rehman; Khadiga G. Abd El...; Ahlam S. Mohamed; Aida A. Elsharief; Hayaa M. Alhuthali

The convergence of HIV-1, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and SARS-CoV-2 infections presents a formidable challenge characterized by heightened immune suppression persistent viral replication. Understanding the shared molecular mechanisms underlying these co-infections is essential, providing foundation for future translational research therapeutic discovery. We analyzed differentially expressed genes from HIV-1/TB co-infection datasets across multiple tissues, including lung, spleen, liver, whole blood. This was followed PPI network analysis single-cell multi-gene expression analysis. Gene set enrichment pathways were carried out to reveal regulatory that are altered during infection infection. profiling pointed critical genes, CXCR4, TAP1, TSC22D3 FGR, associated with suppression, antigen processing, attachment. CXCR4 found be crucial cell regulators in lung tissue using Apart this, revealed TAP2, essential hub whereas intersectional gene highlighted 27 response persistence. Pathway analyses noted several processes, such as protein phosphorylation, apoptosis, evasion, pointing common infections. Our findings suggest signatures infections, central offering potential relevance. Future work will validate targets through wet lab experiments better understand their roles regulation develop novel therapies enhance clearance co-infected patients.