Antibodies to GAD and Tryptic Fragments of Islet 64K Antigen as Distinct Markers for Development of IDDM: Studies With Identical Twins

• DOI: 10.2337/diab.41.7.782
• Publication Date: 2013-09-19T17:22:06Z
• Authors: Michael R Christie; Richard Y M Tun; Simon S S Lo; David Cassidy; Thomas J Brown; Jacqueline Hollands; Marion Shattock; Gian Franco Bottazzo; R David G Leslie
• Keywords: Male; 0301 basic medicine; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glucose Tolerance Test; Autoantigens; Peptide Fragments; 3. Good health; Cohort Studies; Molecular Weight; Prediabetic State; Islets of Langerhans; 03 medical and health sciences; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Antibody Specificity; Diseases in Twins; Humans; Regression Analysis; Female; A100 Pre-clinical Medicine; Antigens; Child; Biomarkers; Autoantibodies; Follow-Up Studies

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with antibodies to a 64,000-Mr islet cell protein, at least part of which identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). These are detected two distinct antibody specificities 50,000-Mr and 37,000/40,000-Mr tryptic fragments the autoantigen (50K 37K antibodies, respectively). We determined frequencies intact GAD, antigen, (ICAs), insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) in sera from 58 nondiabetic identical twins patients IDDM, whom 12 subsequently developed diabetes. ICA, those were similar prediabetic (67–75%), but only 25% had IAA. Of 46 who remain nondiabetic, GAD 50K ICA 6 (13%), 7 (15%), 5 (11%), respectively, whereas 1 (2%) possessed 2 (4%) Eight 9 all > 20 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation U have Antibodies sensitive markers for development may also be present genetically susceptible individuals unlikely develop disease. antigen or high-titer best these twins.