Ancient DNA of the pygmy marmoset type specimen <i>Cebuella pygmaea</i> (Spix, 1823) resolves a taxonomic conundrum

• DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.143
• Publication Date: 2021-10-08T10:09:09Z
• Authors: Jean P. Boubli; ; ; Mareike C. Janiak; Leila M. Porter; Stella de la Torre; Liliana Cortés-Ortiz; Maria N. F. da Silva; Anthony B. Rylands; Stephen Nash; Fabrício Bertuol; Hazel Byrne; Felipe E. Silva; Fabio Rohe; Dorien de Vries; Robin M. D. Beck; Irune Ruiz-Gartzia; Lukas F. K. Kuderna; Tomas Marques-Bonet; Tomas Hrbek; Izeni P. Farias; Anneke H. van Het...; Christian Roos
• Keywords: Type locality; Subspecies; Lineage (genetic)

The pygmy marmoset, the smallest of anthropoid primates, has a broad distribution in Western Amazonia. Recent studies using molecular and morphological data have identified two distinct species separated by Napo Solimões-Amazonas rivers. However, reconciling this new biological evidence with current taxonomy, i.e., subspecies, Cebuella pygmaea (Spix, 1823) niveiventris (Lönnberg, 1940), was problematic given uncertainty as to whether Spix's marmoset ( pygmaea) collected north or south rivers, making it unclear which newly revealed name would apply. Here, we present first from type specimen pygmaea, well novel mitochondrial genomes modern marmosets sampled near locality (Tabatinga) on both sides river. With these data, can confirm correct names identified, C. for animals rivers Phylogenetic analyses genetic placed into context cytochrome b gene sequences across range further led us re-evaluate geographical species. We dated split 2.54 million years ago. discuss additional, more recent, subdivisions within each lineage, potential contact zones between headwaters rivers.作为全球最小的类人猿, 倭狨在西亚马逊分布极广。近期整合分类学研究表明，目前认为的“倭狨”实际代表了两个独立的物种，二者分布以纳波河-索利蒙伊斯河为界，而其目前的两个亚种应提升为有效种。然而，由于倭狨指名亚种的模式产地相较河流的具体位置不明，因此难以确定两个已有学名与演化支系间的具体对应关系。在此，该研究首次提供了倭狨指名亚种模式标本的DNA分子数据，同时提供了模式产地界河两侧个体的线粒体基因组数据。基于上述数据，该研究确定了河流北部的狨猴种群对应真正的倭狨 pygmae，而河流南部种群则对应新提升有效性的东部倭狨 niveiventris。结合已有的线粒体细胞色素b数据，研究重新厘定了两种的分布情况，同时推算两种倭狨的分化时间约为2.54百万年前。最后，该研究讨论了分类厘定后种内的近期种群分化，以及两种在河流上游可能存在的接触区域。.