What is the scope of refreshing? Downstream effects of reflective attention do not extend to semantically linked items.

• DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/2sc9m
• Publication Date: 2023-10-05T05:00:17Z
• Authors: Evan Nathaniel Lintz; Wei Lin Poh; Zachary Jay Cole; Matthew R. Johnson; Jessica Price
• Keywords: Memory; Cognitive Psychology; Social and Behavioral Sciences

Refreshing is a cognitive process that entails directing the spotlight of internal, or reflective, attention onto mental representation in service ongoing cognition. shares many parallels with perceptual attention, including its ability to both facilitate and inhibit processing recently refreshed items, depending on circumstances. However, there currently limited information depth which refreshing causes representations be processed, what facets multimodal might primarily targeted by refreshing. The present study addresses those questions two experiments involving word stimuli, aimed at revealing whether effects extend semantically linked items. In Experiment 1, bilingual (English/Malay) participants words Malay English saw probe either same language, their equivalent other language. 2, only, could potentially semantic associates item (e.g., dog/cat). 1 showed clear inhibition for probes words, 2 facilitation replicating previous results similar task designs. neither any evidence these spreading translations (Experiment 1) items related 2). Bayesian analyses confirmed most likely model data involves no such effects. These suggest that, least appears target relatively superficial orthographic/phonological/sensorimotor level, not deeper level.