Human Leptospirosis Trends, the Netherlands, 1925–2008

Adult Male diagnosis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 History, 21st Century human leptospirosis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Leptospira spp. Humans Leptospirosis Sex Distribution bacteria Netherlands Incidence R History, 20th Century travelers disease 3. Good health Synopsis Medicine epidemiology Female
DOI: 10.3201/eid1903.111260 Publication Date: 2013-01-29T18:11:34Z
ABSTRACT
To increase knowledge of leptospirosis in the Netherlands and identify changing trends of this disease over time, we analyzed historical passive surveillance reports for an 84-year period (1925-2008). We found that 2,553 mainly severe leptospirosis cases were diagnosed (average annual incidence rate 0.25 cases/100,000 population). The overall case-fatality rate for patients with reported leptospirosis was 6.5% but decreased over the period, probably because of improved treatment. Ninety percent of reported leptospirosis cases were in male patients. Most autochthonous leptospirosis infections were associated with recreational exposures, but 15.5% of the cases were attributed to accidents that resulted in injury and to concomitant water contact. Since the end of the 1950s, the proportion of imported infections gradually increased, reaching 53.1% of the total during 2005-2008. Most (80.1%) imported infections were associated with sporting and adventurous vacation activities.
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