Lassa Virus Targeting of Anterior Uvea and Endothelium of Cornea and Conjunctiva in Eye of Guinea Pig Model

• DOI: 10.3201/eid2505.181254
• Publication Date: 2019-03-12T13:08:26Z
• Authors: Joy M. Gary; Stephen R. Welch; Jana M. Ritter; JoAnn Coleman-McCray; Thanhthao Huynh; Markus H. Kainula...; Brigid C. Bollweg; Vaunita Parihar; Stuart T. Nichol; Sherif R. Zaki; Christina F. Spir...; Jessica R. Spengler
• Keywords: Male; anterior uvea; Biopsy; Guinea Pigs; Iritis; Infectious and parasitic diseases; RC109-216; Polymerase Chain Reaction; ocular; 03 medical and health sciences; Animals; viral hemorrhagic fever; Lassa virus; Keratitis; 0303 health sciences; Research; Endothelium, Corneal; R; Conjunctivitis; eye; Immunohistochemistry; 3. Good health; Disease Models, Animal; Medicine; RNA, Viral; Female; Lassa fever

Lassa virus (LASV), a hemorrhagic fever virus endemic to West Africa, causes conjunctivitis in patients with acute disease. To examine ocular manifestations of LASV, we histologically examined eyes from infected guinea pigs. In fatal disease, LASV immunostaining was most prominent in the anterior uvea, especially in the filtration angle, ciliary body, and iris and in and around vessels in the bulbar conjunctiva and peripheral cornea, where it co-localized with an endothelial marker (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule). Antigen was primarily associated with infiltration of T-lymphocytes around vessels in the anterior uvea and with new vessel formation at the peripheral cornea. In animals that exhibited clinical signs but survived infection, eyes had little to no inflammation and no LASV immunostaining 6 weeks after infection. Overall, in this model, LASV antigen was restricted to the anterior uvea and was associated with mild chronic inflammation in animals with severe disease but was not detected in survivors.