Design and synthesis of new dihydropyrimidine/sulphonamide hybrids as promising anti-inflammatory agents via dual mPGES-1/5-LOX inhibition

• DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1387923
• Publication Date: 2024-05-10T10:19:20Z
• Authors: Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi; Ali M. Elshamsy; Taha F. S. Ali; Bahaa G. M. Youssif; S. Bräse; Mohamed Abdel-Aziz; Nawal A. El-Koussi
• Keywords: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570; 0301 basic medicine; 570; pyrimidine; 0303 health sciences; biology; 540; Life sciences; lipoxygenase; 620; Chemistry; inflammation; sulphonamide; ddc:570; prostaglandin; QD1-999

A novel series of dihydropyrimidine/sulphonamide hybrids 3a–j with anti-inflammatory properties have been developed and tested as dual mPGES-1/5-LOX inhibitors. In vitro assay, results showed that compounds 3c, 3e, 3h, and 3j were the most effective dual inhibitors of mPGES-1 and 5-LOX activities. Compound 3j was the most potent dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.92 µM and 1.98 µM, respectively. In vivo, anti-inflammatory studies demonstrated that compounds 3c, 3e, 3h, and 3e had considerable anti-inflammatory activity, with EI% ranging from 29% to 71%. Compounds 3e and 3j were equivalent to celecoxib after the first hour but exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects than celecoxib after the third and fifth hours. Moreover, compounds 3e and 3j significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6) with gastrointestinal safety profiles. Molecular docking simulations explored the most potent derivatives’ binding affinities and interaction patterns within mPGES-1 and 5-LOX active sites. This study disclosed that compound 3j is a promising anti-inflammatory lead with dual mPGES-1/5-LOX inhibition that deserves further preclinical investigation.