Changes in the Human Gut Microbiota Associated With Colonization by Blastocystis sp. and Entamoeba spp. in Non-Industrialized Populations

• DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.533528
• Publication Date: 2021-03-18T09:14:53Z
• Authors: Gaël Even; Ana Lokmer; Jules Rodrigues; Christophe Audebert; Eric Viscogliosi; Laure Ségurel; Magali Chabé
• Keywords: Blastocystis; Entamoeba; Commensalism

Human gut microbial communities are mainly composed of bacteria, but also include fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa, whose role in the ecosystem has only recently begun to be recognized. For example, humans colonized by Blastocystis (a protozoan with controversial pathogenicity) host a more diverse bacterial microbiota than individuals not carrying it, suggesting that its presence may beneficial for host. In parallel, non-pathogenic Entamoeba spp. been associated an increased diversity compositional shifts healthy rural Cameroon. However, , two most prevalent human have never studied same individuals, preventing study their interaction. As is one few protozoa commonly found industrialized populations, which otherwise mostly devoid eukaryotes, we need focus on “traditional” who harbor higher eukaryotes (whether pathogenic or commensal) order interactions ecosystem. To this end, profiled 134 Cameroonian adults using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data. co-occurrence pattern were determined metagenomic shotgun We that, when taking into account both jointly, was richness evenness microbiota, while richness. demonstrated cumulative influence these microbiome diversity. Furthermore, abundance several common taxa (for Ruminococcaceae Coprococcus Butyrivibrio ) varied according colonization, single Bacteroides sequence variant differentially abundant between -negative -positive samples. Given specific signature each seemingly stronger association our results suggest interact bacteria own way, experimental studies needed explore precise mechanisms interactions.