Bias by gender: exploring gender-based differences in the endorsement of ADHD symptoms and impairment among adult patients

• DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1549028
• Publication Date: 2025-03-20T08:22:13Z
• Authors: Noemi M. Platania; Daniëlle E. J. St...; Dora Wynchank; Aartjan T. F. Bee...; Sandra Kooij
• Keywords: Attention deficits; Exploratory research

Background Research on adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains limited, particularly regarding the experiences of women. Methods This exploratory study investigates patient responses to Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA-5), which assesses current (adult) and retrospective (childhood) symptoms based criteria from Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (DSM-5). We focused overall endorsement rates symptoms, impairments, specific examples both, with particular attention gender differences. Using descriptive statistics chi-square tests, we analysed existing DIVA-5 data 2,257 patients diagnosed at mental health clinics affiliated Parnassia Groep Netherlands. Results Our findings indicate that manifests similarly across men women, though subtle differences symptom impairment patterns emerged. Women more frequently endorsed several inattentive hyperactive/impulsive adulthood, whereas reported higher childhood symptoms. Regarding gender-specific were observed areas such as self-esteem social relationships. Conclusion While these small, they highlight need further investigation into gendered manifestations. Additionally, discuss potential measurement limitations propose recommendations refining advancing research ADHD.