mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce comparably low long-term IgG Fc galactosylation and sialylation levels but increasing long-term IgG4 responses compared to an adenovirus-based vaccine

• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020844
• Publication Date: 2023-01-12T04:43:16Z
• Authors: Jana Sophia Buhre; Tamas Pongracz; Inga Künsting; Anne S. Lixenfeld; Wenjun Wang; Jan Nouta; Selina Lehrian; Franziska Schmelter; Hanna B. Lunding; Lara Dühring; Carsten Kern; Janina Petry; Emily L. Martin; Bandik Föh; Moritz Steinhaus; Vera von Kopylow; Christian Sina; Tobias Graf; Johann Rahmöller; Manfred Wuhrer; Marc Ehlers
• Keywords: Isotype; Subclass

Background The new types of mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticle vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 the adenovirus-based vaccine AZD1222 were developed against SARS-CoV-2 code for its spike (S) protein. Several studies have investigated short-term antibody (Ab) responses after vaccination. Objective However, impact these formats with unclear effects on long-term Ab response – including isotype, subclass, their type Fc glycosylation is less explored. Methods Here, we analyzed anti-S in blood serum saliva naïve non-hospitalized pre-infected subjects upon two vaccinations different mRNA- combinations up to day 270. Results We show that initially high mRNA vaccine-induced salivary IgG levels, particularly IgG1, markedly decrease over time approach lower levels induced vaccine. All three induced, contrary IgG1 sialylation galactosylation a was characterized by low latter being even below corresponding total level. Instead, mRNA, but not IgG4 subclass inhibitory effector functions. Furthermore, IgA decreased faster as compared vaccinees. Predictively, age correlated titers vaccines. higher galactosylation, sialylation, bisection respectively, all combinations. Conclusion In summary, study suggests comparable “adjuvant” potential newly glycosylation, reflected relatively generated long-lived plasma cell pool, whose induction might be driven recently described T H1 -driven B repeated immunization individuals increased proportion which influence Taken together, data shed light novel implications efficacy.