Demethylating agents in combination with CD7-targeted CAR-T for the successful treatment of a case with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A Case Report

• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254010
• Publication Date: 2023-09-29T09:10:00Z
• Authors: Ying Han; Hao Yao; Guang-cui He; Si-han Lai; Yan Deng; Shan Zhang; Ying He; Yi-song Xiong; Alex H. Chang; Yi Su; Hai Yi
• Keywords: Minimal Residual Disease

Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has cured many patients with malignant hematologic diseases such as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), while those relapsing after allo-HSCT still exhibit high mortality, poor prognosis, and no standard treatment modalities. It is necessary to explore more therapeutic modalities for post-transplant relapse obtain a better prognosis. Case presentation In this case report, young male MPAL received reaching complete remission (CR) by induction chemotherapy. Unfortunately, of both myeloid T lineages occurred nine months later. After receiving demethylating chemotherapy, lineage measurable residual disease (MRD) turned negative. T-lineage MRD negative CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy. The bone marrow remained MRD-negative 4 months. This preliminarily demonstrated long-lasting CR CAR-T therapy, allowing Conclusion Demethylating drugs combined therapy feasible in treating transplantation, good efficacy safety, which will be promising option MPAL.