Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles: endogenous roles, therapeutic potentials and their biomimetics for the treatment and prevention of sepsis

• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1296061
• Publication Date: 2024-02-14T04:15:41Z
• Authors: Clement Yaw Effah; Xianfei Ding; Emmanuel Kwateng ...; Xiang Li; Ran Tong; Tongwen Sun
• Keywords: Extracellular Vesicles; Extracellular vesicles; Host response

Sepsis is one of the medical conditions with a high mortality rate and lacks specific treatment despite several years extensive research. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are emerging as focal target in pathophysiology sepsis. Extracellular (EVs) derived from pathogenic microorganisms carry factors such carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, virulence regarded “long-range weapons” to trigger an inflammatory response. In particular, small size bEVs can cross blood-brain placental barriers that difficult for pathogens cross, deliver agents host cells, activate immune system, possibly accelerate bacterial infection process subsequent Over years, research into host-derived EVs has increased, leading breakthroughs cancer sepsis treatments. However, related approaches role use bacterial-derived still rare Herein, this review looked at dual nature by highlighting their inherent functions emphasizing therapeutic characteristics potential. Various biomimetics prevention have also been reviewed. Finally, latest progress various obstacles clinical application highlighted.