Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease

• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1517244
• Publication Date: 2025-02-26T07:20:08Z
• Authors: Stephen Findlay-W...; Nazia Thakur; Lucy Crossley; Linda Easterbrook; Francisco J. Salg...; Ines Ruedas-Torres; Susan Fotheringham; Emma Kennedy; Dalan Bailey; Stuart Dowall
• Keywords: glycoprotein; adjuvant; vaccine; cross-protectivity; Nipah virus; Immunologic diseases. Allergy; RC581-607

Nipah virus (NiV) is one of a group highly pathogenic viruses classified within the Henipavirus genus. Since 2012 at least 11 new henipa-like have been identified, including from locations and reservoir hosts; pathogenicity these has yet to be determined, but two them associated with morbidity, fatalities. The efficacy cross-reactivity vaccine candidates derived soluble glycoproteins both NiV Hendra (HeV) was evaluated in our recently established hamster model. Both preparations resulted strong humoral responses against antigenic targets, demonstrating cross-reactive immunity. Efficacy determined through challenge hamsters Malaysian (NiV-M) strain. 100% survived lethal dose after prime/boost immunisation HeV presence adjuvant, clinical signs pathology being significantly reduced immunised animals. This first time compared NiV-M model Alhydrogel AddaVax, providing evidence that closely related henipavirus species can provide cross-protectivity infection alternate henipaviruses, supporting potential an effective pan-henipavirus for use frontline outbreak response.