CPX-351 and allogeneic stem cell transplant for a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia that developed after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature

• DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1291457
• Publication Date: 2024-01-25T04:35:45Z
• Authors: Alessandra Sperotto; Maria Teresa Lupo...; Jacopo Peccatori; Roberta De Marchi; Simona Piemontese; Giulia Ciotti; Marco Basso; Elisabetta Pierdo...; Paolo Fiore; Fabio Ciceri; Michele Gottardi
• Keywords: CPX-351; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Oncology; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens; allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; acute promyelocytic leukemia; acute myeloid leukemia; therapy-related myeloid neoplasm; RC254-282

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs), which develop after cytotoxic, radiation, or immunosuppressive therapy for an unrelated disease, account for 7%–8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Worse outcomes and consequently shortened survival are associated with t-MNs as compared with de novo AML. Therapy-related MNs are being reported with increasing frequency in successfully treated acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), in particular, before the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO). Considering the high curability of APL, t-MNs represent one of the prognosis-limiting factors in this setting of leukemia. We report our experience with a patient who developed t-AML 15 years after treatment for APL. Treatment included three cycles of chemotherapy with CPX-351 (Vyxeos, Jazz Pharmaceuticals) followed, as in remission, by an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A review of available literature was also included.