Case Report: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after lenvatinib treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

• DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1487009
• Publication Date: 2025-03-21T13:42:14Z
• Authors: Minchun Chen; Jing Shen; Rongrong Jia; Mingze Chang; Jingyi Zhang; Jie Zheng; Runqing Xue; Lulu Guo; Kangkang Yan
• Keywords: Lenvatinib; Discontinuation

Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by headaches, vision loss, confusion, encephalopathy, seizures, and focal edema on neuroimaging. Early recognition treatment of PRES are essential to prevent severe complications. Lenvatinib a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor that used as first-line for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lenvatinib-induced less commonly recognized side effect. Case presentation A 72-year-old female patient HCC, who had no history hypertension, received lenvatinib therapy. The exhibited symptoms such altered mental status, hypertension during treatment. Neuroimaging revealed characteristic findings vasogenic in the white matter brain. patient’s neurological gradually improved after discontinuation, follow-up imaging showed reduction abnormalities. Conclusion underlying mechanisms induced remain unclear, but considered crucial factor its pathogenesis. This case report adds understanding potential adverse effects associated emphasizing need vigilance monitoring managing complications ensure safety wellbeing undergoing this