Autoimmune Encephalitis With Psychotic Manifestations and Cognitive Impairment Presenting as Schizophrenia: Case Report and Literature Review

• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.827138
• Publication Date: 2022-02-14T04:33:57Z
• Authors: Yuanyuan Luo; Jieying Li; Fugui Jiang; Arui Tan; Xiaohong Qin; Xiaoqiang Xiao; Zuxing Wang; Peijia Wang; Yang Yi; Juan Li; Shuai Yuan; Lei Liu; Jun Xiao
• Keywords: Autoimmune encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by mental and behavioral symptoms, seizures, cognitive impairment. The presence of schizophrenia needs to be distinguished from that autoimmune encephalitis. Herein, we describe the case a woman who exhibited abnormal behavior patient had experienced similar symptoms more than 20 years previously been diagnosed with schizophrenia. patient's psychotic improved after treatment antipsychotic drugs; however, impairment persisted. She was anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor concurrent anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-receptor showed improvement steroids intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs). Furthermore, reviewed literature found that, including present case, 10 patients have anti-NMDA anti-AMPA-receptor Three these were men seven women, their ages ranged 21 71 years. Moreover, (70%) history tumors. Symptoms included varying degrees consciousness disturbance, dyskinesia, dystonia, autonomic dysfunction, agitation, verbal reduction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings scattered fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity in subcortical white matter and/or medial temporal lobe patients. After combination treatment, tumor removal administration steroids, IVIg, plasma exchange, or immunity inhibitors, part It necessary exclude for psychiatric manifestations Timely therapy important anti-NMDA-receptor