Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy

• DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.699822
• Publication Date: 2021-07-29T06:36:58Z
• Authors: Charnay Cunningham; Maryna de Kock; Monique Engelbrecht; Xanthene Miles; Jacobus Slabbert; Charlot Vandevoorde
• Keywords: Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); radiosensitization effect; 500; Metal Nanoparticles; radiation therapy; dose enhancement effects; 3. Good health; 03 medical and health sciences; nanomedicine ; Metal Nanoparticles [MeSH] ; Humans [MeSH] ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology [MeSH] ; Gold [MeSH] ; Public Health ; dose enhancement effects ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission [MeSH] ; proton therapy ; particle therapy ; radiation therapy ; Proton Therapy [MeSH] ; radiosensitization effect ; gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); 0302 clinical medicine; particle therapy; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; proton therapy; Proton Therapy; Nanoparticles; Effect; Humans; Public Health; Gold; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Radiosensitization

The number of proton therapy facilities and the clinical usage high energy beams for cancer treatment has substantially increased over last decade. This is mainly due to superior dose distribution resulting in a reduction side effects lower integral compared conventional X-ray radiotherapy. More recently, metallic nanoparticles as radiosensitizers enhance radiotherapy receiving growing attention. While this strategy was originally intended radiotherapy, there currently small experimental studies indicating promising results therapy. However, most these used low energies, which are less applicable practice; very gold (AuNPs). Therefore, proof principle study evaluates radiosensitization effect larger AuNPs combination with 200 MeV beam. CHO-K1 cells were exposed concentration 10 μg/ml 50 nm 4 hours before irradiation beam at NRF iThemba LABS. AuNP internalization confirmed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry transmission electron microscopy, showing random throughout cytoplasm even some close localization nuclear membrane. combined exposure protons resulted an increase cell killing, 27.1% 2 Gy 43.8% 6 Gy, alone, illustrating radiosensitizing potential AuNPs. Additionally, irradiated different positions along depth-dose curve investigate LET-dependence radiosensitization. An cytogenetic damage observed all depths but no incremental LET could be determined. In conclusion, confirms therapeutic efficacy