Drivers of illicit alcohol consumption among at-risk populations aged 15–29 years old in Zambia: a qualitative perspective

• DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1444334
• Publication Date: 2025-04-01T06:40:09Z
• Authors: Tulani Francis L....; Cosmas Zyambo; Masauso Moses Phiri; Richard Zulu; Musawa Mukupa; Kumbulani Mabanti; Anna Hainze; Dhally M. Menda; Angela Rizzo; Ahmed Ogwell; Fastone M. Goma; Tom Achoki
• Keywords: Consumption; Disadvantaged

Background Illicit alcohol consumption is a major public health problem in Zambia and many other countries Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine drivers of illicit among at-risk populations, such as youths, selected urban areas Zambia, using the social-ecological model lens understand these drivers. Methods Through qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 key stakeholders from Ministry Health, Revenue Authority, local council departments, rehabilitation centers. We also interviewed 30 consumers who frequent retail settings bars or liquor stores. Participants were purposively based on their knowledge consumption. Results Social demographic factors age sex identified Adolescents young 10 years old initiated consumption, males constituting majority consumers. Limited job opportunities recreational facilities communities encouraged people consume alcohol; this worsened by availability social circles. Peer influence was found be driver cultural norms normalized use. Lack productive activities economic disparities drive group. Low-income individuals sought cheaper alternatives, home-distilled fermented spirits, due affordability disadvantaged neighbourhoods. norms, homemade alcoholic beverages during gatherings weddings, significant Conclusion Despite policies state agencies banning sale production, weak enforcement regulations across country, especially increases people’s risk consuming alcohol. Applying emphasizes need for multi-level interventions. These interventions should target individuals, communities, policy levels. Specifically, they aim regulate disrupt environments that promote ultimately facilitate positive behavior change people.