The Bretton Woods Institutions and the Environment: Organizational Learning within the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

• DOI: 10.3390/admsci3040166
• Publication Date: 2013-10-08T15:43:08Z
• Authors: Alexandra Lindenthal; Martin Koch
• Keywords: Bureaucracy; Organizational structure

Due to a growing public awareness, in the last 40 years environmental impacts of development projects financed and supported by World Bank International Monetary Fund (IMF) have come into view. Since then, member states pressured both organizations implement concerns. We analyze reactions IMF’s bureaucracies towards their principals’ demands. To reveal if, what extent, observed integration can be assessed as organizational learning, we develop first step heuristic model that allows for distinction between different levels learning (compliant non-compliant, single-loop double-loop). In second describe efforts (from 1970s until today) IMF 1990s integrate protection activities. our interest quality changes, finally if extent bureaucracies’ new external demand qualify learning. Furthermore, discuss which factors helped or hindered