Evaluation of Fat Accumulation and Adipokine Production during the Long-Term Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes and Study of the Influence of Immunobiotics
Leptin
0301 basic medicine
FAT ACCUMULATION
Swine
Epidemiology
Physiology
Beige Adipocytes
long-term adipogenic differentiation (LTAD)
Cell Count
Brown Adipose Tissue Function and Physiology
ADIPOKINES
Ligands
IMMUNOBIOTICS
Endocrinology
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1
Adipocytes
Andrology
adipokines
Internal medicine
Adiposity
2. Zero hunger
0303 health sciences
Adipogenesis
Muscles
Fatty Acids
Toll-Like Receptors
Rehabilitation
3. Good health
Chemistry
Adipose Tissue
PORCINE INTRAMUSCULAR ADIPOCYTE
porcine intramuscular adipocyte
Medicine
Adiponectin
Adipose tissue
Article
Cell Line
03 medical and health sciences
INFLAMMATION
Adipokines
Adipokine
Health Sciences
Animals
The Role of Exercise in Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
Obesity
Biology
Cell Proliferation
Cell Size
Inflammation
QH573-671
long-term adipogenic differentiation (LTAD), inflammation
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Insulin resistance
immunobiotics
LONG-TERM ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION (LTAD)
fat accumulation
Adaptive Thermogenesis
Inflammation and Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders
inflammation
FOS: Biological sciences
Stimulation
Cytology
DOI:
10.3390/cells9071715
Publication Date:
2020-07-21T10:38:55Z
AUTHORS (14)
ABSTRACT
The degree of fat accumulation and adipokine production are two major indicators of obesity that are correlated with increased adipose tissue mass and chronic inflammatory responses. Adipocytes have been considered effector cells for the inflammatory responses due to their capacity to express Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we evaluated the degree of fat accumulation and adipokine production in porcine intramuscular preadipocyte (PIP) cells maintained for in vitro differentiation over a long period without or with stimulation of either TNF-α or TLR2-, TLR3-, or TLR4-ligands. The cytosolic fat accumulation was measured by liquid chromatography and the expression of adipokines (CCL2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were quantified by RT-qPCR and ELISA at several time points (0 to 20 days) of PIP cells differentiation. Long-term adipogenic differentiation (LTAD) induced a progressive fat accumulation in the adipocytes over time. Activation of TLR3 and TLR4 resulted in an increased rate of fat accumulation into the adipocytes over the LTAD. The production of CCL2, IL-8 and IL-6 were significantly increased in unstimulated adipocytes during the LTAD, while IL-10 expression remained stable over the studied period. An increasing trend of adiponectin and leptin production was also observed during the LTAD. On the other hand, the stimulation of adipocytes with TLRs agonists or TNF-α resulted in an increasing trend of CCL2, IL-6 and IL-8 production while IL-10 remained stable in all four treatments during the LTAD. We also examined the influences of several immunoregulatory probiotic strains (immunobiotics) on the modulation of the fat accumulation and adipokine production using supernatants of immunobiotic-treated intestinal immune cells and the LTAD of PIP cells. Immunobiotics have shown a strain-specific ability to modulate the fat accumulation and adipokine production, and differentiation of adipocytes. Here, we expanded the utility and potential application of our in vitro PIP cells model by evaluating an LTAD period (20 days) in order to elucidate further insights of chronic inflammatory pathobiology of adipocytes associated with obesity as well as to explore the prospects of immunomodulatory intervention for obesity such as immunobiotics.
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