Cloud Computing for Climate Modelling: Evaluation, Challenges and Benefits

• DOI: 10.3390/computers9020052
• Publication Date: 2020-06-23T08:51:16Z
• Authors: Diego Montes; Juan A. Añel; David C. H. Wallom; Peter Uhe; Pablo V. Caderno; Tomás F. Pena
• Keywords: cloud computing; 0207 environmental engineering; QA75.5-76.95; 02 engineering and technology; climate model; 2502 Climatología; Climate model; 01 natural sciences; 13. Climate action; Electronic computers. Computer science; 1203.04 Inteligencia Artificial; supercomputer; Cloud computing; 1203.17 Informática; Supercomputer; 0105 earth and related environmental sciences

Cloud computing is a mature technology that has already shown benefits for a wide range of academic research domains that, in turn, utilize a wide range of application design models. In this paper, we discuss the use of cloud computing as a tool to improve the range of resources available for climate science, presenting the evaluation of two different climate models. Each was customized in a different way to run in public cloud computing environments (hereafter cloud computing) provided by three different public vendors: Amazon, Google and Microsoft. The adaptations and procedures necessary to run the models in these environments are described. The computational performance and cost of each model within this new type of environment are discussed, and an assessment is given in qualitative terms. Finally, we discuss how cloud computing can be used for geoscientific modelling, including issues related to the allocation of resources by funding bodies. We also discuss problems related to computing security, reliability and scientific reproducibility.