Compact 8-Bit S-Boxes Based on Multiplication in a Galois Field GF(24)

• DOI: 10.3390/cryptography9020021
• Publication Date: 2025-04-04T07:36:45Z
• Authors: Phuc-Phan Duong; Tuan-Kiet Dang; Trong-Thuc Hoang; Cong-Kha Pham
• Keywords: GF(2); Bit (key)

Substitution boxes (S-Boxes) function as essential nonlinear elements in contemporary cryptographic systems, offering robust protection against cryptanalytic attacks. This study presents a novel technique for generating compact 8-bit S-Boxes based on multiplication the Galois Field GF(24). The goal of this method is to create with low hardware implementation cost while ensuring properties. Experimental results indicate that suggested achieve nonlinearity value 112, matching AES S-Box. They also maintain other properties, such Bit Independence Criterion (BIC), Strict Avalanche (SAC), Differential Approximation Probability, and Linear within acceptable security thresholds. Notably, compared existing studies, proposed S-Box architecture demonstrates enhanced efficiency, significantly reducing resource utilization implementations. Specifically, consists 31 XOR gates, 32 two-input AND 6 OR 2 MUX21s. Moreover, work provides thorough assessment S-Box, covering side channel attacks, aspects. Furthermore, estimates quantum requirements implementing including an analysis CNOT, Toffoli, NOT gate counts.